Joseph Wesley "Wes" Burgess is an American

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are physicians and evaluate patients to determine whether their sy ...

neuroscientist A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist who has specialised knowledge in neuroscience, a branch of biology that deals with the physiology, biochemistry, psychology, anatomy and molecular biology of neurons, Biological neural network, n ...

, and author who has written books on animal

behavior Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as wel ...

(

ethology Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Behaviourism as a term also describes the scientific and objectiv ...

nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication (NVC) is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, Posture (psychology), posture, and body language. It includes the use of social cues, kinesi ...

, and human

consciousness Consciousness, at its simplest, is sentience and awareness of internal and external existence. However, the lack of definitions has led to millennia of analyses, explanations and debates by philosophers, theologians, linguisticians, and scien ...

. His main contribution has been to the understanding of the

mind The mind is the set of faculties responsible for all mental phenomena. Often the term is also identified with the phenomena themselves. These faculties include thought, imagination, memory, will, and sensation. They are responsible for various m ...

and

social relationships A social relation or also described as a social interaction or social experience is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals ...

Early life and education

Burgess was born in

Dumas, Texas Dumas ( ) is a city in Moore County, Texas, United States. The population was 14,501 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Moore County. Located about 40 miles north of Amarillo, the city is named for its founder, Louis Dumas (1856–1923 ...

to Wes and Dorothea Burgess. His family moved to

St. Louis St. Louis () is the second-largest city in Missouri, United States. It sits near the confluence of the Mississippi and the Missouri Rivers. In 2020, the city proper had a population of 301,578, while the bi-state metropolitan area, which e ...

Missouri where he graduated from

Ladue Horton Watkins High School Ladue Horton Watkins High School is a public high school in Ladue, Missouri, United States, that is administered by the Ladue School District. Its namesake, Horton Watkins, was vice president of the International Shoe Company and died in 1949. The ...

and took classes at the

Academy of Science, St. Louis The Academy of Science, St. Louis (sometimes rendered as Academy of Science - St. Louis) is a non-profit organization in St. Louis, Missouri, dedicated to science literacy and education. Founded in 1856 by a group of scientists and businessmen, i ...

Washington University in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis (WashU or WUSTL) is a private research university with its main campus in St. Louis County, and Clayton, Missouri. Founded in 1853, the university is named after George Washington. Washington University is r ...

, and the

Saint Louis Zoo The Saint Louis Zoo, officially known as the Saint Louis Zoological Park, is a zoo in Forest Park, St. Louis, Missouri. It is recognized as a leading zoo in animal management, research, conservation, and education. The zoo is accredited by the ...

. Burgess earned his

bachelor's degree A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin ''baccalaureus'') or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin ''baccalaureatus'') is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six ...

and a

literary award A literary award or literary prize is an award presented in recognition of a particularly lauded literary piece or body of work. It is normally presented to an author. Organizations Most literary awards come with a corresponding award ceremony. Ma ...

Purdue University Purdue University is a public land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money ...

; he received a PhD in

Zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

North Carolina State University North Carolina State University (NC State) is a public land-grant research university in Raleigh, North Carolina. Founded in 1887 and part of the University of North Carolina system, it is the largest university in the Carolinas. The universit ...

, and an M.D. from the University of Miami School of Medicine. Burgess completed medical internship,

psychiatry Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various maladaptations related to mood, behaviour, cognition, and perceptions. See glossary of psychiatry. Initial psych ...

residency, and chief residency at

Stanford University Medical Center Stanford University Medical Center is a medical complex which includes Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health. It is consistently ranked as one of the best hospitals in the United States and serves as a teaching hospital for the ...

, winning the Northern California Psychiatric Society Research Award.Burgess, J. Wesley. Cognitive information processing in borderline personality disorder: A neuropsychiatric hypothesis. Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry, vol 8, no 2, pp 34–49, 1990.

Career

Burgess studied

social behavior Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms within the same species, and encompasses any behavior in which one member affects the other. This is due to an interaction among those members. Social behavior can be seen as similar to an ...

with Peter Witt under a

National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National I ...

grant at the

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services The North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS or DHHS) is a large state government agency in the U.S. state of North Carolina, somewhat analogous to the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The NCDHHS has mor ...

,Burgess, J. Wesley and Witt, Peter. Spider webs: Design and engineering. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, vol 1, pp 322–335, 1976. and with Evelyn Shaw at the

Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...

Department of

Biology Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary i ...

. Burgess was then awarded a

research grant A grant is a fund given by an end entity grant – often a public body, charitable foundation, or a specialised grant-making institution – to an individual or another entity (usually, a non-profit organisation, sometimes a business or a local ...

at the

University of California, Davis The University of California, Davis (UC Davis, UCD, or Davis) is a public land-grant research university near Davis, California. Named a Public Ivy, it is the northernmost of the ten campuses of the University of California system. The institut ...

where he did

neuropsychology Neuropsychology is a branch of psychology concerned with how a person's cognition and behavior are related to the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Professionals in this branch of psychology often focus on how injuries or illnesses of t ...

research and taught courses in the Department of Psychology. He accepted a

research fellowship with Jaime Villablanca to study brain and behavior and teach classes at the

Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior is a research institute of the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). It includes a number of centers, including the "Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics", which uses DNA sequencing ...

at the

UCLA School of Medicine The University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine—known as the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (DGSOM)—is an accredited medical school located in Los Angeles, California, United States. The school was renamed in 2001 in h ...

. During his residency, he led a suicide

crisis hotline A crisis hotline is a phone number people can call to get immediate emergency telephone counseling, usually by trained volunteers. The first such service was founded in England in 1951 and such hotlines have existed in most major cities of the E ...

and student

psychotherapy Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy, talk therapy, or talking therapy) is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase happiness, and overcome pro ...

groups, and taught classes at Stanford University.Burgess, J. Wesley, and Zarcone, Vincent P. Cognitive Impairment in dramatic personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, vol 149, p 136, 1992. Burgess maintained a private medical practice in adult and adolescent

neuropsychiatry Neuropsychiatry or Organic Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that deals with psychiatry as it relates to neurology, in an effort to understand and attribute behavior to the interaction of neurobiology and social psychology factors. Within neurop ...

for over 20 years in Brentwood, Los Angeles, specializing in

mood disorders A mood disorder, also known as an affective disorder, is any of a group of conditions of mental and behavioral disorder where a disturbance in the person's mood is the main underlying feature. The classification is in the ''Diagnostic and Stat ...

and

personality disorders Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's culture ...

.Burgess, Wes. Clinical Case Conference: A monthly featured column on diagnosis and treatment. Southern California Psychiatrist, 2003–2009. He was a consultant for the

State Bar of California The State Bar of California is California's official attorney licensing agency. It is responsible for managing the admission of lawyers to the practice of law, investigating complaints of professional misconduct, prescribing appropriate disciplin ...

and the

Los Angeles Superior Court The Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, is the California superior court with jurisdiction over Los Angeles County, which includes the city of Los Angeles. It is the largest single unified trial court in the United States. The ...

, and he has been a guest on

National Public Radio National Public Radio (NPR, stylized in all lowercase) is an American privately and state funded nonprofit media organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California. It differs from other n ...

, television, and films.Burgess, Wes. The Mental Status Examination for Personality Disorders. Volume 2 of the Mental Status Examination Series. CreateSpace, 2013. Burgess now devotes his time to writing and private consultation in

Half Moon Bay, California Half Moon Bay is a coastal city in San Mateo County, California, United States, approximately south of San Francisco. Its population was 11,795 as of the 2020 census. Immediately at the north of Half Moon Bay is Pillar Point Harbor and the un ...

, where he teaches at the

Fitzgerald Marine Reserve Fitzgerald Marine Reserve is a marine reserve in California on the Pacific Ocean, located just north of Pillar Point Harbor and Mavericks in the San Mateo County community of Moss Beach. Moss Beach is located approximately south of San Francis ...

Scientific contributions

Burgess was the first United States scientist to discover

social spider A social spider is a spider species whose individuals form relatively long-lasting aggregations. Whereas most spiders are solitary and even aggressive toward other members of their own species, some hundreds of species in several families show a ...

s,Burgess, J. Wesley. Social Spiders. Scientific American, vol 234, pp 99–106, 1976. which he described in

Scientific American ''Scientific American'', informally abbreviated ''SciAm'' or sometimes ''SA'', is an American popular science magazine. Many famous scientists, including Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla, have contributed articles to it. In print since 1845, it i ...

and other journals. Social spiders challenge theories of social biology because spiders are usually

cannibalistic Cannibalism is the act of consuming another individual of the same species as food. Cannibalism is a common ecological interaction in the animal kingdom and has been recorded in more than 1,500 species In biology, a species is the basic ...

and would not be expected to form social groups. Burgess showed how social spiders modify their environment to be able to live together. For example, Mexican spiders called

Mallos gregalis ''Mallos gregalis'' is a spider species belonging to the family Dictynidae. It is endemic to Mexico. Discovered by French naturalists in the previous century, ''M. gregalis'' were again brought to light in the 1970s by Wes Burgess through his re ...

spin a web that amplifies the sounds of the flies that they eat and dampens the vibrations made by other spiders, allowing Mallos spiders to live in colonies containing hundreds of thousands of individuals. Another spider called

Metepeira ''Metepeira'' is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1903. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek μετά and the obsolete genus name '' Epeira'', denoting a genus similar to ''Epeira''. Species i ...

spinipes, spins two-part

spider web A spider web, spiderweb, spider's web, or cobweb (from the archaic word '' coppe'', meaning "spider") is a structure created by a spider out of proteinaceous spider silk extruded from its spinnerets, generally meant to catch its prey. Spid ...

s: individual orbs to catch prey, and vibration-damping tangled webs where spiders coexist peacefully. Burgess also described

Oecobius Wall spider is the common name for members of the genus ''Oecobius''. The members of these several species are all very small spiders that make small flat webs over crevices in walls and in similar spaces. They possess an organ called a cribel ...

civitas spiders who exchange individual webs with each other as part of a unique prober/retaliator social strategy (see

evolutionary game theory Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is the application of game theory to evolving populations in biology. It defines a framework of contests, strategies, and analytics into which Darwinian competition can be modelled. It originated in 1973 with John Ma ...

). Burgess compared the biological forces that produce social groups in

shoaling and schooling In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling, and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling. In common usage, the terms are sometimes used rather loosely. Ab ...

fish, flocking and territorial birds, monkey colonies, and human

social groups In the social sciences, a social group can be defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties ...

; developing techniques of

pattern recognition Pattern recognition is the automated recognition of patterns and regularities in data. It has applications in statistical data analysis, signal processing, image analysis, information retrieval, bioinformatics, data compression, computer graphi ...

for measuring and displaying proxemic distances between

k-nearest neighbor In statistics, the ''k''-nearest neighbors algorithm (''k''-NN) is a non-parametric supervised learning method first developed by Evelyn Fix and Joseph Hodges in 1951, and later expanded by Thomas Cover. It is used for classification and reg ...

individuals in a social group. Burgess found similar subgrouping patterns in

rhesus monkey The rhesus macaque (''Macaca mulatta''), colloquially rhesus monkey, is a species of Old World monkey. There are between six and nine recognised subspecies that are split between two groups, the Chinese-derived and the Indian-derived. Generally b ...

colonies in

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...

, while working at the North Carolina Department of Mental Health Research. These patterns change if only a few members receive

psychoactive drugs A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, psychoactive agent or psychotropic drug is a chemical substance, that changes functions of the nervous system, and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition or behavior. T ...

. Burgess’ studies revealed how the

dendrites Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον ''déndron'', "tree"), also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the n ...

of brain

neurons A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses. The neuron is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa. N ...

grow during development. Together with Richard Coss at the University of California, Davis, Burgess was the first to show that sensory stimuli, including social stressors, can cause long-lasting changes in brain cell anatomical structure in just a few minutes. Together with Jaime Villablanca at UCLA, Burgess discovered that early

brain injury An injury is any physiological damage to living tissue caused by immediate physical stress. An injury can occur intentionally or unintentionally and may be caused by blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, burning, toxic exposure, asphyxiation, or o ...

resembling childhood

congenital disorders A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is an abnormal condition that is present at birth regardless of its cause. Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental. The disabilities can ...

and adult

traumatic brain injury A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity (ranging from mild traumatic brain injury TBI/concussionto severe traumatic b ...

can heal naturally and that rehabilitative exercise improves

brain healing Brain healing is the process that occurs after the brain has been damaged. If an individual survives brain damage, the brain has a remarkable ability to adapt. When cells in the brain are damaged and die, for instance by stroke, there will be no re ...

. He helped clarify the rôle of the

caudate nucleus The caudate nucleus is one of the structures that make up the corpus striatum, which is a component of the basal ganglia in the human brain. While the caudate nucleus has long been associated with motor processes due to its role in Parkinson's di ...

aggression Aggression is overt or covert, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other harm upon another individual; although it can be channeled into creative and practical outlets for some. It may occur either reacti ...

and found that, without input from this nucleus, usually aggressive cats are friendly and affiliative. Burgess also contributed to our understanding of how the

nervous system In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. The nervous system detects environmental changes th ...

responds to

morphine Morphine is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin in poppies (''Papaver somniferum''). It is mainly used as a analgesic, pain medication, and is also commonly used recreational drug, recreationally, or to make ...

, especially during early development.

Medical contributions

As a

and

medical doctor A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

, Burgess studied

mental illnesses A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitti ...

that impair

social relations A social relation or also described as a social interaction or social experience is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals ...

. He created mental health tests, including verbal and written Mental Health Diagnostic Examinations, verbal and written Cognitive Function Examinations, the Card Test Cognitive Function Examination, and the Personality Inventory Scale for diagnoses of personality disorders.Burgess, Wes. The Mental Status Examination. 2nd Edition. Volume 1 of the Mental Status Examination Series. CreateSpace, 2013. He showed that the

pathology Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in ...

borderline personality disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), is a personality disorder characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, distorted sense of self, and strong ...

, including

chronic depression Dysthymia ( ), also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD), is a mental and behavioral disorder, specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of similar cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with lon ...

and

self harm Self-harm is intentional behavior that is considered harmful to oneself. This is most commonly regarded as direct injury of one's own skin tissues usually without a suicidal intention. Other terms such as cutting, self-injury and self-mutilatio ...

, is linked to impaired

neurocognition Neurocognitive functions are cognitive functions closely linked to the function of particular areas, neural pathways, or cortical networks in the brain, ultimately served by the substrate of the brain's neurological matrix (i.e. at the cellular a ...

—the ability to perform normal thought processes. He has written books for individuals with

bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that last from days to weeks each. If the elevated mood is severe or associated with ...

and

major depressive disorder Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Introdu ...

,Burgess, Wes. The Depression Answer Book. Sourcebooks, 2009. their caretakers, and their families; as well as books and clinical articles on

DSM-5 The ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition'' (DSM-5), is the 2013 update to the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric ...

and

ICD-10 ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, ...

diagnosis, cognitive testing, and psychotherapy and psychopharmacology treatments for use by health professionals.

Books

*Burgess, Wes. ''The Mental Status Examination. 2nd Edition. Volume 1 of the Mental Status Examination Series''. CreateSpace; 2013. https://www.amazon.com/Mental-Status-Examination-Challenging-Questionnaires/dp/1482552957/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1374510374&sr=1-3&keywords=wes+burgess *Burgess, Wes. ''The Mental Status Examination for Personality Disorders. Volume 2 of the Mental Status Examination Series''. CreateSpace; 2013
Mental Status Examination for Personality Disorders. 32 Challenging Cases, DSM-5 and ICD-10 Model Interviews, Questionnaires and Cognitive Tests for Diagnosis and Treatment
*Burgess, Wes. ''Calm Your Mind: Exercises to Reduce Stress, Improve Focus, and Control Anxiety, Anger, and Depression''. CreateSpace; 2011
Calm Your Mind: Exercises to Reduce Stress, Improve Focus, and Control Anxiety, Anger, and Depression
*Burgess, Wes. ''Transtorno Bipolar. Perguntas da Vida Real com Prespostas Atualizadas''. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora Gaia; 2010. (Portuguese)
Arte Pau Brasil – Tudo sobre o Brasil para você ficar por dentro
*Burgess, Wes. ''The Depression Answer Book''. Sourcebooks; 2009. https://www.amazon.com/Depression-Answer-Book-Professional-Medication/dp/1402217129/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365258978&sr=1-6&keywords=wes+burgess *Burgess, Wes. ''The Bipolar Handbook for Children, Teens and Families''. Avery/Penguin Press; 2008. https://www.amazon.com/Bipolar-Handbook-Children-Teens-Families/dp/158333307X/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365258978&sr=1-4&keywords=wes+burgess *Burgess, Wes. ''Guia del Bipolar''. Barcelona, Spain: Ediciones Robinbook; 2007. (Spanish) https://www.amazon.com/Guia-del-bipolar-Preguntas-respuestas/dp/8499170900/ref=sr_1_9?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365452485&sr=1-9&keywords=wes+burgess *Burgess, Wes. ''The Bipolar Handbook''. Avery/Penguin Press; 2006. https://www.amazon.com/Bipolar-Handbook-Real-Life-Up---Date/dp/1583332499/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365258978&sr=1-1&keywords=wes+burgess *Burgess, Wes. ''The Tao Te Ching by Lao Tse. Traditional Taoist Wisdom to Enlighten Everyone. Volume 1 of the Clear Mind Series''. CreateSpace; 2012. https://www.amazon.com/Tao-Ching-Lao-Tse-Traditional/dp/1478361301/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1366150327&sr=1-1&keywords=wes+burgess+tao+te+ching *Burgess, Wes. ''The Gateless Gate of Zen. Traditional Wisdom, Koans, and Stories to Enlighten Everyone. Volume 2 of The Clear Mind Series''. CreateSpace; 2012.
The Gateless Gate of Zen. Traditional Wisdom, Koans & Stories to Enlighten Everyone
*Burgess, Wes. ''The Tao Te Ching by Lao Tse. Mini Edition''. CreateSpace; 2012. https://www.amazon.com/Tao-Ching-Lao-Tse-Mini/dp/1478372613/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1366150525&sr=1-1&keywords=wes+burgess+tao+te+ching+mini+edition *Burgess, Wes. ''The Gateless Gate of Zen. Mini Edition''. CreateSpace; 2012. https://www.amazon.com/Gateless-Gate-Zen-Mini/dp/1478373075/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365453055&sr=1-1&keywords=gateless+gate+mini+edition *Burgess, Wes. ''Be Enlightened! A Guidebook to the Tao Te Ching and Taoist Meditation''. CreateSpace; 2010. https://www.amazon.com/Enlightened-Guidebook-Ching-Taoist-Meditation/dp/1451562896/ref=sr_1_10?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365520622&sr=1-10&keywords=wes+burgess *Burgess, Wes. ''The Ultimate Snorkeling Book''. CreateSpace; 2010. https://www.amazon.com/Ultimate-Snorkeling-Book-Wes-Burgess/dp/145154443X/ref=sr_1_7?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365258978&sr=1-7&keywords=wes+burgess

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Burgess, Wes Living people 1952 births American neuroscientists American psychiatrists American male writers Writers from California Ladue Horton Watkins High School alumni People from St. Louis County, Missouri People from Half Moon Bay, California Purdue University alumni North Carolina State University alumni Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine alumni University of California, Los Angeles alumni University of California, Davis faculty David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA faculty People from Dumas, Texas Stanford University School of Medicine alumni Washington University in St. Louis alumni